DarkhorseOne

Timeline & History

We write history — and we are part of it.

This is our record of building DarkhorseOne, month by month: the wins and breakthroughs, but also the failures, doubts, wrong turns, and moments of uncertainty — the full truth behind the progress.

2026
January

Product Strategy Shift & Independent Ventures

January 2026 marked a bifurcated start to the year. On the core platform front, PrimeForge initiated a strategic shift towards unbundling into a "Micro-App Constellation," moving from a monolithic product to an "Infrastructure Factory." Simultaneously, the company launched **SaidMe**, a completely independent, privacy-focused consumer application. This dual-track approach demonstrates our capacity to scale enterprise infrastructure while delivering secure, standalone consumer utilities.
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2025
December

Operational Optimization: Multi-Agent Workflow

December focused on internal operational optimization by adopting a "Multi-Agent Loop" development workflow, utilizing tools like Codex, Cursor, and Claude Code. This shift to an "Orchestrator" role has significantly accelerated PrimeForge's iteration velocity, with the "Proof Chain" module now operating successfully at scale.
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November

PrimeForge Commercial Launch

November celebrated the commercial launch of PrimeForge and the acquisition of the first enterprise customer. The platform's value proposition, centered on cross-platform efficiency and dynamic cost optimization via the LP Router, has been validated by the market, turning the core technology into a revenue-generating asset.
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October

Patent Filed, Focus Shifts

October marked the completion of the research phase with the formal filing of the UK patent (Application 2517987.0) for the dynamic routing system. With the intellectual property secured, the strategic focus shifted immediately from invention to commercial adoption, rebranding the system as "PrimeForge" and prioritizing sales execution to address revenue lags caused by the intense R&D period.
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September

Proof Chain: Evidence You Can Audit

September introduced the "Proof Chain," a cryptographic audit mechanism designed to make compliance machine-verifiable. By implementing an append-only hash chain that links inputs, outputs, and timestamps for every execution step, the system now provides a tamper-evident record of all routing decisions and outcomes, ensuring that the dynamic nature of the router does not compromise auditability.
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August

ILP Solver: From Cost Matrix To Plan

August focused on the implementation of the ILP Solver, the core engine that converts the Cost Matrix into an executable plan. The system architecture closes the loop between observation and execution, using the solver to minimize costs under constraints like rate limits and concurrency. A key architectural decision was to decouple the metric aggregation from the core routing logic to prevent performance bottlenecks.
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July

Patent Framing: Turning Routing Into A Claim

July was dedicated to formalizing the routing mechanism for patent protection. The invention was framed as a system that compiles GraphQL requests into a Directed Acyclic Graph (Query Graph) and computes an optimized execution plan using a real-time Cost Matrix derived from observability metrics. This formal specification aligns the legal claims with the actual observable behavior of the system.
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June

IP Strategy & First Dogfood Launch

June concentrated on solidifying the intellectual property strategy by defining the patent claims around the ILP routing mechanism. Simultaneously, the system underwent its first operational stress test with the launch of the "Right to Work" check app, successfully demonstrating that the new architecture decouples client operations from upstream provider failures. This month was about converting the routing work into something defensible (legally) and undeniable (operationally).
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May

Simulation Harness & Weight Tuning

May focused on validating the router's reliability by building a simulation harness to generate realistic traffic patterns, including tail latency and failures. This testing framework allowed for tuning weight configurations and refining the smoothing and hysteresis logic, providing empirical evidence that the ILP planner could degrade gracefully under load.
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April

The First ILP Prototype and Why It Failed

April was the first month of running the ILP planner prototype in production, revealing significant failure modes including high solver latency, frequent infeasibility due to hard constraints, and system oscillation. The root causes were identified as treating real-time planning like an offline batch job and lacking state awareness. Mitigation strategies focused on caching, soft constraints, and hysteresis to ensure stability and graceful degradation.
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March

From "Tools" to "Execution": ILP as the Way Out

March addressed the limitations of the brittle, rule-based routing system by reframing it as a mathematical optimization problem. Following consultations with academic and industry experts in Shanghai, a new architectural blueprint was developed using Integer Linear Programming (ILP) to minimize execution costs under constraints. This shifts the core logic from heuristic rules to a rigorous objective function, paving the way for a more reliable execution layer.
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February

MCP: A Real Interface for the New Strategy

February focused on solving the integration scalability problem by adopting the Model Context Protocol (MCP) as the standard interface between AI clients and tools. A prototype MCP server for Companies House was built and successfully tested with Claude Desktop, proving MCP's viability as a stable contract. However, the experiment highlighted that MCP is just an interface, and a robust policy layer for authentication, rate limiting, and observability must be built on top.
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January

Strategic Pivot: The DeepSeek Crisis and the Infrastructure Thesis

January marked a critical turning point triggered by the release of DeepSeek R1, which commoditized high-level reasoning and caused a "perceived value collapse" for model-centric products. In response, the company pivoted from selling an "AI Assistant" to building "AI Native Infrastructure," focusing on a robust execution layer (routing, caching, audit) that makes models interchangeable and delivers deterministic outcomes.
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2024
December

Annual Review: Progress and Technical Blockers

December's annual review highlighted solid market growth and the stability of the new Go-based infrastructure, but identified the "Dynamic Routing" system as a critical failure. The fallback rule-based approach has become unmaintainable due to combinatorial complexity. The strategic correction for the upcoming year is to abandon heuristic rules in favor of mathematical optimization methods like Operations Research.
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November

Infrastructure Updates & Router Prototyping

November saw the relocation of HQ and significant infrastructure updates, including rewriting the core Parser in Go to improve performance. Experiments with using GPT-o1 as a routing engine yielded high-quality plans but were deemed impractical for production due to excessive latency, highlighting the need for a faster solution.
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October

Research Phase: Dynamic Query Planning

October paused feature development to address the "Access Storm" instability by researching Dynamic GraphQL Query Planning. The focus was on designing an architecture that parses queries into an Execution Plan (AST) and optimizes it continuously based on real-time API state, effectively treating the system as a distributed database engine. Feature development was paused to address the "Access Storm" stability issue. Research focused on "Dynamic GraphQL Query Planning."
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September

Architecture Incident: "Access Storm"

September witnessed a critical "Access Storm" incident where synchronous processing of mixed-latency data sources caused thread pool exhaustion and service unavailability. The root cause was identified as the system's "wait for all" logic combined with user retries during slow scraping operations. The proposed remediation involves implementing Dynamic Planning to intelligently manage and defer resource-intensive tasks. A significant stability issue occurred this month involving traffic architecture.
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August

Compliance Module: Data Aggregation Architecture

August focused on developing the "Corporate Health Check" module, employing a Proxy Swarm architecture to aggregate compliance data from various sources including Companies House and the ICO. A Puppeteer-based headless scraper was implemented to handle sources without public APIs. While the system is functional, it remains fragile and maintenance-heavy due to the inherent instability and latency of scraping operations. Development of the "Corporate Health Check" / Due Diligence Report. Objective: Aggregate external data to assess company compliance status.
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July

Deep Dive: The Compliance & Data Aggregation Pivot

July marked a pivot from HR admin to "Corporate Intelligence," aiming to build a Unified Corporate Compliance Graph. This involved integrating diverse data sources—Companies House, The Gazette, and the ICO Register—using a GraphQL Federation architecture. While the connections were successfully established, significant challenges regarding data format handling, rate limiting, and a critical latency mismatch between fast APIs and slow scrapers emerged as key architectural concerns.
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June

Implementation of Agentic Architecture: The "Auto-Selector"

June focused on optimizing operational efficiency by implementing an Agentic Architecture with an "Intelligent Routing Agent." This system uses a meta-cognitive layer to classify request complexity and dispatch queries to the most appropriate model (GPT-3.5, GPT-4o, or GPT-4), preceded by a semantic cache. This hierarchical approach effectively balances performance and cost, marking a shift towards a true Multi-Agent System.
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May

Adopting GPT-4o: Prompting Gets Simpler

May brought a strategic pivot following the release of GPT-4o, which significantly improved baseline capabilities for complex HR tasks like pro-rata calculations. The roadmap shifted from fine-tuning and complex prompt engineering to a "constraints-first" approach, leveraging the new model's superior reasoning. Consequently, custom model training was halted in favor of building a deterministic reasoning layer and focusing on orchestration.
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April

Challenges in Fine-Tuning

April was dedicated to experimenting with fine-tuning Llama 3 8b Instruct for job description generation. Despite technical success in setting up a QLoRA training pipeline on Apple Silicon, the project faced severe overfitting issues, with the model memorizing the small dataset rather than generalizing. This failure highlighted the distinction between knowledge injection and style transfer, leading to a strategic pivot away from supervised fine-tuning towards RAG and few-shot prompting. April focused on fine-tuning **Llama 3 8b Instruct** using the curated dataset.
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March

R&D: Automated Job Description Generation

March initiated a new R&D track focused on Automated Job Description Generation for UK SMEs. The primary technical effort involved developing and migrating a custom data scraper to TypeScript, which successfully harvested 2,500 anonymized job descriptions from Indeed. This dataset lays the foundation for training models to generate compliant hiring documentation. Initiated a new R&D track: **Automated Job Description (JD) Generation.** Target: UK SMEs requiring assistance with hiring documentation. Goal: Generate compliant and effective JDs from minimal input.
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February

China Market Expansion: The Dual-Platform Strategy

February marked the strategic expansion into the Chinese market with a dual-platform approach utilizing both a WeChat Service Account and a dedicated web platform. A critical technical challenge regarding user identity fragmentation was solved by implementing a `UnionID` based authentication system, enabling a unified user experience. This successful integration has driven early traction, resulting in over 5,000 users and 200 paid subscriptions.
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January

Model Selection Analysis: Open Source vs. GPT-4

January focused on evaluating cost-effective open-source alternatives to GPT-4. Tests with Llama 2, Mistral, and Mixtral revealed significant reliability issues, including privacy refusals and basic arithmetic failures. Consequently, the decision was made to retain GPT-4 for its superior reasoning and safety, while shifting engineering focus to improving RAG architecture to mitigate model limitations.
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2023
December

First User & RAG v1 Implementation

December achieved a major commercial milestone with the onboarding of our first trial user, validating initial market interest. On the technical front, we accelerated and deployed the RAG v1 AI Assistant using GPT-4 and LangChain.js to establish product differentiation. While the system is functional, initial feedback highlights that low data volume limits the utility of the retrieval-augmented generation, identifying a key area for future improvement.
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November

Development Phase: Foundation Architecture

November was dedicated to intensive engineering. The strategic focus was "Schema Design First." Given the complexity of UK employment law, the data model must be rigid enough for compliance but flexible enough for AI operations.
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October

Establishment of UK Operations

Jian MA has officially arrived in the UK to commence full-time operations. Darkhorseone Limited (Company number: 15002342, incorporated July 13th) has transitioned from a dormant entity to an active operating company. The primary objective for October was to eliminate all administrative impediments to allow for pure product focus in the subsequent months.
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July

Company Incorporation

July 2023 marked the genesis of the company. **DARKHORSEONE LIMITED** was officially incorporated on **13 July 2023** as a Private Limited Company in England and Wales. This foundational month involved establishing the legal entity, securing the registered office address in Canterbury, and defining the primary nature of business under Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) codes for IT services and education.
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